- Although Rhodes did not live to see his work consummated, it is worth getting his “take” on the native question. Running for office in 1887, he said, “there must be Pass Laws and Peace Preservation Acts. . . . We must adopt a system of despotism, such as works so well in India, in our relations with the barbarians of South Africa.” Already in the policies adopted by the Chamber of Mines, the Rhodes-dominated mining interest group, we can discern the outlines of the state-capitalist pattern with which Apartheid ran wild. Political regulation of natives would keep labor below its free-market price; large-scale bureaucratic fiddling would replace the direct patriarchal style of management of the Boers.
Those ignorant bigoted persons who erroneously presume that the total genocide of the humble Boers during Anglo-Boer War would have prevented Apartheid should take particular & close note of that final & important line in the excerpted paragraph. The Apartheid system as devised by the British & the Cape based Afrikaners replaced the Boers' direct patriarchal style of management. How then can the Boers be to blame for a system that replaced their own form of management? How could the Boers have had any significant clout in the devising of Apartheid when most had been left impoverished after the war competing for jobs in the cities? The fact of the matter is that the Apartheid establishment had to actually work to get the Boers on board which began most notably after the Rand Rebellion when they tailored the "Colour bar" job reservation laws in an effort at preventing impoverished Boers from being a political obstacle to the plans of the Broederbond & the Afrikaner Nationalists who were working at co-opting the Boers into their camp.
I find it most alarming how anyone could call for the genocide of an entire people -especially when they do not even take the time to learn about the very people they condemn. This hateful rhetoric is even ironic considering where it often comes from: British neo-Imperialists. Further rich irony is noted when one considers the fact that Hitler actually admired the British Empire & its excesses inspired him.
The most brutal aspects of Apartheid were the oppressive top-down features that were devised by the British. When the Afrikaner Nationalist government later came to power & expanded these British segregationist laws: they even used the same names for the laws that the British gave them. As a matter of fact the main difference between the Afrikaner Nationalists version of Apartheid compared to the original British version was that the Afrikaner Nationalists created the option of granting outright independence to the various reserves [ built around the traditional settlements ] or the option of joining a confederation. While the British created segment of Apartheid on the other hand was total domination. The editor of the Johannesburg Star newspaper even stated in the 1960s that the Apartheid laws -as reformed by the Afrikaner Nationalists- were "an improvement" over the previous British created Apartheid laws. The Sharpeville Massacre was a prime example of the oppressive top-down nature of British created segment of Apartheid in action as the protesters were protesting the Pass book laws which the British brought into being with their pass laws.
There is also the nature of cause & effect. Without the brutality of the Boer civilian deaths in the concentration camps: there would have been little fuel for the later rise of Afrikaner Nationalism which was mainly used by the Cape based Afrikaners -who were not numerically affected by the camp deaths as the Boers were as they were not interned & were often on the side of the British- to first co-opt the Boers in order to prevent Boer secession (as was attempted by notable Boer Generals in 1914) & then to propagate Afrikaner hegemony over the new British created artificial macro State which lumped numerous nations & tribes under a single administration for the first time ever in the region.
Therefore those who hatefully & ridiculously assert that the British should have killed off all of the Boers do not seem to realize that not only would this not have prevented Apartheid -but that it would have made the situation even worse since the Afrikaner Nationalists would have had even more fuel on which to rise to power on the platform of ethnic domination. A program of domination which they effectively stole from the British since it was the original idea of the British to ethnically dominate South Africa with English speakers -but when that plan failed -they simply turned to the newly radicalized Cape based Afrikaners as collaborators to fill this role as the surrogate colonial power for the new macro State devised by the British.
The main reason the Afrikaner Nationalists even rose to power in the new British created macro state at all was due to the excesses of British brutality in the concentration camps which lead to the deaths of 24 000 Boer children - which was close to 50 % of the Boer child population - of which the Afrikaner Nationalists were able to effectively marshal a political response to in the mobilization of the greater White Afrikaans speaking population even though this also lead to the marginalization of the actual Boer people in question since the loose political association of the White Afrikaans speaking groups made the Boer people a minority under the control of the Cape based Afrikaners who only used the Boers' history in order to justify their control of the new macro State imposed by the British with the South Africa Act of 1909 onto the region.
Furthermore: the Boers fought two wars of independence against Britain & against the formation of the macro State of South Africa which made Apartheid the expansive centralized system that it was. The architects of Apartheid were formally educated -often abroad- while most Boers were often not formally educated -neither at home nor abroad. The architects of Apartheid did not even invent anything new as they simply went abroad to see how other countries were doing it & basically adopted the ideas & formulas of other countries. The Apartheid laws of South Africa were based largely on the Jim Crow laws of the American South / the strict separation along confessional lines of Holland & the Canadian Indian Affairs Act. With the addition of attempting & often granting independence to reserves turning them into independent states. The Apartheid establishment even poured money into them & built them up. Which makes it all the more ridiculous & inappropriate to call for the genocide of a people who often worked to develop other peoples. Though it would be inappropriate to call for the genocide of any people regardless of their past.
No comments:
Post a Comment